Since many pathways in mixed-acid fermentation produce hydrogen gas, these pathways require the levels of hydrogen to be low, as is the case when E. coli can live on a wide variety of substrates and uses mixed acid fermentation in anaerobic conditions, producing lactate, succinate, ethanol, acetate, and carbon dioxide. It also attaches and effaces to the microvilli of the intestines via an adhesion molecule known as intimin. The flagella which allow the bacteria to swim have a peritrichous arrangement. coli infections outside the digestive tract and most intestinal infections but are not used to treat intestinal infections by one strain of these bacteria. Cells are typically rod-shaped, and are about 2.0 μm long and 0.25–1.0 μm in diameter, with a cell volume of 0.6–0.7 μm 3. coli is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe, nonsporulating coliform bacterium.
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Under favorable conditions, it takes as little as 20 minutes to reproduce. coli is the most widely studied prokaryotic model organism, and an important species in the fields of biotechnology and microbiology, where it has served as the host organism for the majority of work with recombinant DNA. coli is a chemoheterotroph whose chemically defined medium must include a source of carbon and energy. The bacterium can be grown and cultured easily and inexpensively in a laboratory setting, and has been intensively investigated for over 60 years. coli which can survive for many days and grow outside a host. A growing body of research, though, has examined environmentally persistent E. Cells are able to survive outside the body for a limited amount of time, which makes them potential indicator organisms to test environmental samples for fecal contamination. coli and other facultative anaerobes constitute about 0.1% of gut microbiota, and fecal–oral transmission is the major route through which pathogenic strains of the bacterium cause disease. The bacterium grows massively in fresh fecal matter under aerobic conditions for 3 days, but its numbers decline slowly afterwards. coli is expelled into the environment within fecal matter.
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The harmless strains are part of the normal microbiota of the gut, and can benefit their hosts by producing vitamin K 2, and preventing colonisation of the intestine with pathogenic bacteria, having a mutualistic relationship. coli strains are harmless, but some serotypes ( EPEC, ETEC etc.) can cause serious food poisoning in their hosts, and are occasionally responsible for food contamination incidents that prompt product recalls. coli ( / ˌ iː ˈ k oʊ l aɪ/), is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms. Escherichia coli ( / ˌ ɛ ʃ ə ˈ r ɪ k i ə ˈ k oʊ l aɪ/), also known as E.